Process for cracking oil



G. EGLOFF PROCESS FOR CRACKING OIL Original Filed Oct. 31. 1921.

Gustav Z /d/i %JM[ l 'atented Oct. 23 1928. UNI-TED I STATES 1,688,860 PATENTIOFFICE.

GUSTAV EGLOFF, OF CHICAGO; ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR Paint,- or CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A

I :eRooEss ron.

This invention relates to a process and apparatus for cracking oil and refers more particularly to a process and apparatus for converting petroleum I hydrocarbons from '0 relatively high boilingpoint oils to those having a low boiling point. p.

Among the salient objects of the nvention are to provide a process in which the cracking is caused to take place in two successive m zones and the vapors generated in each zone separately condensed; to provide a process in which relatively differential conditions of temperature and pressure are maintained in the respective zones whereby additional 15 cracking is effected after the'passmg of the unvaporized portion from the first zone to the secondary zone of reaction; to provide a process in which the reflux condensateseparated from the vapors 1n the two zones is 20 returned "and directed to the initial heating zone for retreatment.

The singlefigure is a side elevational viewof the apparatus.

Referring in detail 'to the drawing, the 011 25 to be treated is introduced from any convenient. source from the inlet pipe 1 controlled by a valve 2 and is charged y means of the pump 3 through the charging line 4 into the heating coils 5-mounted in the furitr nace' 6 which'is'preferably'heated by means ofgas burners 7. It is understood that the heatlng means may comprise a shell still or,

header type heating unit in place of the continuous coil as shown.' The oil after being as heated to a cracking temperature under a substantial pressure in the heating zone is passed through the transfer line 8 controlled by a valve '9 to the reacting or vaporizing chamber 10 where a 40 vaporization and cracking takes place. The

generated vapors rise up through the dephle ator 1'1 and, after e'ngrefluxedpass out t rough the line 12 controlledby a valve 13 to the water condenser-14. Here the great- 45 er'part of the vaporsare reduced to li uid distillate, which 1s collected in the receiver 15 from which it may be'withdrawn through the valve 16. The pressure on the initial zone of reaction may be controlled b means of a valve 18 in the pressure relief pipe in'the I top of'the receiver. The unvaporized portion of the oil in the vaporizing chamber 10 is drawn ofi through-the line 19 controlled by a valve 20 and is charged by'means' of the a; pump 21 to the secondary chamber 22 through greater part of, the

TO UNIVERSAL .OIL PRODUCTS COM- CORPQRATION OF SOUTH DAKOTA.

CRACKING OIL.

Application filed October 31, 1921', Seria No. 511.714. Renewed March 1'2, 192s.

tle'line 23. This secondary chamber or zone 0 'perature caused by the top fired furnace 24 positioned about the chamber burner 24 positioned thereabove and provided with a stacking 25.

In thesecondary zone of reaction, the oil is subjected to increased temperature and pressure conditions as the unvaporized oil from the initial zone is somewhat more difficulN-o crack than when it is introduced to the initial heating zone. The heating of the oil by means of thetop fired furnace prevents the overheating of the chamber or the forming of hot spots common to stills that are heated from beneath and particularly when the oil contained is of a residual character, such as would be drawn ofl. from the initial vaporizing chamber 10. In this secondary zone of'reaction due to the increased temperature and pressure-conditions, additional cracking is eifected, the generated vapors rise from chamber 22 into the dephlegmator 25 and through the line 26 controlled by a valve 27 to the water condenser 28. The condensed distillate is collected in the receiver 29, and may be drawn oif through the valve 30 as desired. The receiver 29 is equip ed with a pressure relief valve 31 for contro ling the pressure in the secondary zoneof reaction. The chamber 22 is equipped with a residuum drawofl line 32 controlled by a valve 33. Befiux condensers refluxreturn lines 34 and 35 controlled by valves, 36 and 37 respectively. These return lines communicate with a common connecting line 38 in which are interposed valves 39 and 40, whereby the reflux condensate from the separate reflux condensers can be returned in re ulated quantities to the charging line 4, to lie directed therethrough to the initial heating zone for retreatment. '1 By treating mid-continent gas oil in a process of this sort, a yield of from 40% to of distillate ranging from 48 to 52 'degs.. Baum may be produced. The tem- 22 having the.

after being" refluxed pass.

reaction is subjected to an increased tem- 11 and 25 are equipped with perature in the imtial zone ranges from 700 v 150.800 deg's. F. with a pressure maintained during operation of from 50 to 200 pounds while in the seco'ndaryzone, the temperature of the. oil is raised in excess of 850 degrees and the pressure increased accordingly.

V I claim as m invention: 1. A process or cracking hydrocarbon oil,

temperature under a substantial ressure 1n an initialstage of conversion, dep legmating and condensmg the generated vapors from said sta e, passing the unvaporized oil to a top fire secondary zone and there subjecting it to increased pressure and temperature conditions, dephlegmating and condensing the generated vapors relieved from the secondary zone of reaction and collecting them separately from those produced in the initial stage.'

2. A process for cracking hydrocarbon oil, consisting in raising the oil to a cracking temerature under a substantial ressure in an initial stage of conversion, ephlegmating and condensing the generated vapors from said stage, passing the unvaporized 011 to a top fired secondary zone and there subjecting it to increased pressure and temperature conditions, dephlegmating and condensing the generated vapors relieved from the secondary zone of reaction and collecting them separately from those produced in the initial stage, and returningthe reflun condensates from the respective zones to the initial cracking zone for retreatment.

3. A process for crackin h drocarbon oil, of oil under comprising maintainin a given cracking conditions 0 tom rature and pressure in an enlarged zone, ta 'ng of! vapors from said enlar d zone, assing unvaporized oil from sai enlargex zone to a second enlarged zone, wherein rther oracle ing of such unvaporized oil is efiected under GUSTAV EGLOFF.

increased temperature and pressure condi- 

